All About Avalanches

Every winter, there are instances of people getting trapped in avalanches. This is an unfortunate and devastating part of outdoor winter recreation. An avalanche is a mass of snow that slides rapidly down a slope, usually a steep mountain side. Avalanches can be triggered by weather, such as drastic changes in temperature or wind-drifting snow, or by human activities, such as stress from skiers. Most avalanches occur in the backcountry, where the snow isn’t meticulously managed. In and around ski resorts, avalanche experts often create avalanches in strategic spots to prevent natural avalanches from damaging property or hurting patrons. Almost all avalanches occur on slopes between 25 and 50 degrees, above treeline, and facing away from prevailing winds. This side of the slope tends to collect a lot of snow. 
Between 20 and 40 people die each year in North America due to avalanches; 90% of these deaths are from slides caused by the victims or their parties. Fortunately, there are many things you can do to reduce risk. 

1. Check the avalanche forecast in the area you’re going. In the Sierras, we have the Bridgeport Avalanche Center and the Sierra Avalanche Center. 
2. Carry rescue gear and know how to use it. REI sells several different avalanche rescue equipment kits. Don’t skimp on this gear; it could save you or a loved one!
3. Take a course on avalanche awareness and safety. These courses will teach you the basics of reading terrain and how to ski as safely as possible.
4. Learn to recognize the five red flags: recent avalanches, shooting cracks, “whumpfing”, big changes in weather, and a persistent slab avalanche. 

Remember, when it comes to avalanches and backcountry skiing, it’s better to be safe than sorry. Make responsible decisions, do your research, and bring appropriate gear!

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